Punishment Without Conviction: Has Indian Criminal Law Normalised Suffering Before Guilt?
Published On: March 9th 2026 Authored By: Sanah Sumbhania NMIMS, Kirit. P. Mehta School Of Law I. Introduction Traditionally, punishment has been understood as a measure imposed only after guilt has been established through a fair and thorough trial. The presumption of innocence and the guarantee of personal liberty are constitutional manifestations of this fundamental […]




