Published on: 1st March 2026 Authored By: Mankirat Singh Chawla Amity University, Noida Abstract The interplay between criminal defence strategies and the foundational doctrines of criminal liability forms the cornerstone of modern criminal jurisprudence. This article critically examines how defences—ranging from justification and excuse to procedural safeguards—operate within the doctrinal framework that governs culpability. While […]

Published on: 1st March 2026 Authored By: Shraddha Rajak Lloyd School of Law Abstract Victimology is an emerging branch of criminology that studies the rights of victims within the criminal justice system. In India, the judicial system has historically focused primarily on punishing offenders, often overlooking the victim’s experience and recovery. This is especially evident