Legal Articles

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AI and Legal Liability: Challenges of accountability in autonomous decision-making

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Tanuj Kumar Aligarh Muslim University ABSTRACT “Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved from a futuristic concept to a practical reality influencing decision-making across industries in India. Its integration into governance, commerce, finance, and even the justice system presents unprecedented opportunities but equally complex challenges in terms of legal […]

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REFORMING JUSTICE: THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA,2023 AND ITS TRANFORMATIVE IMPACT ON POLICING AND PROCEDURES

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Palla Navanya SASTRA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT: The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) is a major legislative revamp of India’s criminal justice system in place of the colonial Indian Penal Code and related procedural laws. This article critically analyses the BNS effect on police and procedural reforms,

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Hate Speech vs. Free Speech: A Constitutional and Legal Balancing Act

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Ishika Aggarwal Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies Abstract Freedom of speech is often called the backbone of a democracy1 — but what happens when that very freedom starts being used to divide rather than to express? In recent years, India has seen a surge in hate speech

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Hate Speech vs. Free Speech: A Constitutional and Legal Balancing Act in India

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Saksham Rai Law Centre 2, Delhi University 1. Introduction The interplay between hate speech and free speech presents a fundamental challenge in constitutional democracies, particularly in plural societies such as India. The Constitution of India enshrines freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a), but this right is

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HATE SPEECH VS. FREE SPEECH

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Ananya Karan Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies, GGSIPU ABSTRACT India’s Constitution provides for freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) while allowing for “reasonable restrictions” in Article 19(2) in the case of sovereignty, public order, decency, and several other concerns. Hate speech, defined as expressions that

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