Legal Articles

Freedom of Speech vs. Hate Speech: Finding the Constitutional Balance in India

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Published On: September 19th 2025 Authored By: Kumari Rupa Faculty of Law, Lucknow University​ Abstract Free speech is a vital pillar of any democracy, but India is experiencing a proliferation of speech that generates communal and social tensions.[1] This article analyses the conflicts between the fundamental right of free speech under Article19(1)(a) of the Indian […]

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: A Comprehensive Analysis of India’s New Criminal Code

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Published On: September 19th 2025 Authored By: Anoop Kumar​ University of Lucknow 1. Introduction The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), represents a significant milestone in India’s legislative history, replacing the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). Enacted by the Indian Parliament alongside the Bharatiya Nagarik Surak sha Sanhita (BNSS) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA),

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Uniform Civil Code: Constitutional Mandate or Political Agenda

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Published On: September 19th 2025 Authored By: Karen Nair VIT Chennai Introduction As per the current legal system followed by India, Indian laws can be broadly classified into two types based on their applicability Uniform Laws – Laws such as the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, which are equally applicable to all, irrespective of the individual’s beliefs

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⁠Freedom of Speech vs. Hate Speech: Legal Balance in Indian Democracy

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Published On: September 19th 2025 Authored By: Khushi Singhal IILM University, Gurugaon ABSTRACT The Indian Constitution guarantees its citizens the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a), which is a cornerstone of its vibrant democracy. However, this right is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions as outlined in Article

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Freedom of speech vs hate of speech : Legal balance in Indian democracy

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Published On: September 19th 2025 Authored By: Pushpa Bharat College Of Law  “There is no absolute right to abuse others in the garb of free speech” – Supreme Court of India Abstract In a democracy, freedom of speech and expression is one of the most essential rights. It helps  people take part in public life,

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