LAW IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

ABSTRACT

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the legal sector heralds a new era, offering transformative opportunities alongside significant challenges. This paper explores the profound impact of AI on the practice and administration of law, with a special focus on the Indian context. AI technologies, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics, are reshaping how legal research, case management, and judicial decision-making are conducted. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges posed by AI, including the need to ensure data privacy, overcome infrastructural limitations, and foster technological acceptance within the legal community. It also examines the broader regulatory landscape, emphasizing the importance of developing robust legal frameworks that can adapt to the rapid advancements in AI technology. In India, AI is beginning to revolutionize legal processes, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility while introducing complexities related to bias, accountability, and privacy. The paper delves into the multifaceted implications of AI adoption in the legal field, discussing the ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and the potential for job displacement. It highlights the pioneering efforts of the Indian judiciary and law firms in employing AI-powered tools for tasks like document automation, contract analysis, and predictive legal analytics. Specific examples, such as the Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court Efficiency (SUPACE) and the Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software (SUVAS), illustrate how AI is being leveraged to streamline judicial processes and improve access to justice. Looking ahead, the future of AI in law holds significant promise for democratizing access to legal services, reducing costs, and enhancing the precision of legal outcomes. However, achieving these benefits requires a balanced approach that mitigates ethical concerns, such as the risk of perpetuating biases and compromising data privacy. The paper argues for continuous adaptation and thoughtful regulation to harness AI’s potential while safeguarding the principles of justice and fairness. This paper further aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in the Indian legal sector, the challenges it presents, and the opportunities it creates for a more efficient and accessible legal system in the future.

KEYWORDS:

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, law, legal framework, challenges, opportunities.

INTRODUCTION

Introduced for the first time in the year 1950, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence into computers and machines, equipping them with several human-like capabilities such as sensing, problem-solving, creativity, reasoning, and perception, exhibited by them through various AI applications like natural language processing, visual and speech recognition, and machine learning. Machine learning can be understood as “the mind of AI ”. Just like how a newborn child knows nothing of the world and slowly starts to learn things through observation and analyzing the surroundings and people, similarly, the AI learns by analyzing the data that is fed into it by developers. However, this process may limit the AI to the data provided to it and may possibly result in biases while producing the result as well. AI is broadly classified into two types: Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Also known as Weak AI, ANI is a narrow part of the immensely huge AI technology, which is commonly used to perform minute everyday tasks such as recommending songs, providing weather updates, answering specific questions, playing games, etc. Voice assistants like Google Assistant, Siri, or Alexa are all forms of ANI. In contrast to this, AGI, or General or Strong AI, refers to machines aiming to mimic human intelligence and potentially outperform humans in several intellectual tasks through the ability to sense, understand, learn, and apply such knowledge across various domains, as possessed by them.

What was once considered a mere possibility a few decades ago is now becoming an undeniable reality, as AI permeates various sectors, fundamentally transforming the execution of tasks and the process of decision-making. Among the various domains impacted by AI, the field of law stands out as both profoundly influenced by its capabilities and uniquely positioned to shape its development. The legal field is getting influenced and enhanced with the use of AI on one hand while shaping its future on the other. The legal industry, traditionally resistant to technological change, is now embracing AI to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve accuracy in legal processes. It is applied in the industry in various ways such as legal research and analysis, contract review and management, document automation, predictive analysis, and e-discovery to name a few. However, the integration and utilization of AI are not fully impeccable; it has its drawbacks and consequences. With the gradually enhancing role of AI, concerns related to job displacement, data privacy, biases in decisions, and the impact of human decision-making inevitably arise.

While AI technology is being used by lawyers and law firms to enhance their work efficiency and reduce time consumption through utilizing AI to draft petitions or contracts, perform legal research, or cite cases, the judiciary has also been using the newfound technology creatively. AI-powered tools like Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Solutions (COMPAS) are assisting judges in the United States to identify the likelihood of recidivism in offenders through analyzing their criminal history, mental health, and socio-economic backgrounds, while the United Kingdom is utilizing AI to generate case updates in real-time and accommodate for the digital submission of evidence reducing the usage of paper as well as remoting the court participation. China took a step further and incorporated a Smart Court System where AI technology aids the judges in arriving at a decision by analyzing past cases and precedents to suggest the decision to be passed. Where the judges disagree with the decision passed by the AI, they must record their reasons for doing so in order to pass a different judgment. The Indian judiciary has also commenced the use of a similar AI-powered tool that analyses the precedents and available laws, processing them to allow the judges to arrive at a decision. It does not, however, participate in the decision-making process. Another tool for translating legal documents into native language is used by the Supreme Court, which is called Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software (SUVAS). The apex Court has been availing the services of SUVAS since 2021. It is not only legal professionals, but the general public has also been using AI-controlled tools very well. Softwares like ChatGPT and Law Bot Pro are being utilized by laymen to clear simple day-to-day legal queries and their applications. Ever since its introduction, AI has influenced the legal field immensely, and while we extract the benefits from this thriving technology, we must be aware of the risks it poses and the dangers and challenges it entails.

CHALLENGES POSED BY AI IN THE LEGAL FIELD

Several challenges await ahead as AI plants its roots in the legal field. The integration of AI into our daily existence has elicited various inquiries. As discussed before, AI develops through machine learning, by analyzing the data that is integrated into it. However, let’s say that through such data fed to it, the AI generates a creation, such as some artistic or literary work, then who will own such work and how would it be protected? Whose authority will be needed for such work to be further used by someone else and what would be considered as the unauthorised use of such work? The legal framework is yet to answer such rising questions. Further, the unmonitored use of AI may result in the development of novel crimes and criminal techniques like advancements in hacking, cyber-crimes, etc. Apart from these questions arising with regard to the legality of the actions of AI and their consequences, the introduction of AI poses a threat to the legal profession as well. Its unregulated utilization may lead to various unwanted outcomes such as job displacement, lack of originality in research, or over-dependence on AI.

Moreover, there are various risks associated with the utilization of AI such as AI hallucinations, biases, and potential negative impact on human decision-making. For instance, in December 2023, Michael Cohen, the lawyer who gained notoriety working for Donald Trump, asked a federal judge to overlook his latest transgression: citing cases fabricated by a generative AI called Google Bard, claiming that he misunderstood the chatbot to be a “supercharged search engine”. In another similar case, a penalty of $5000 was imposed on two lawyers by the judge for citing bogus cases generated by AI. Being the result of AI hallucinations, determining the liability in such cases can be quite tricky.

AI hallucination is a phenomenon wherein a large language model (LLM) — often a generative AI chatbot or computer vision tool— perceives patterns or objects that are non-existent or imperceptible to human observers, creating outputs that are nonsensical or altogether inaccurate. This poses a risk of serious repercussions as such false narratives may lead to the spread of misinformation, often leaving room for manipulation, the consequences of which will be borne by humans. However, these hallucinations can be avoided by using high-quality input data which will yield more effective outputs, limiting the AI to a specific purpose which will cut down irrelevant information and subsequently minimize hallucinations, using data templates that provide a predefined format to generate output aligning with the prescribed guidelines, limiting the possible responses, and testing and refining the software and the system regularly. Moreover, validation and oversight of humans over the responses of AI may act as an additional shield serving as a defense against the faulty outcomes due to AI hallucinations, as on generation of such outcome, a human being would be able to identify and rectify it.

Since the AI algorithm works by analyzing the data incorporated into the system, the potential for biases topped with the lack of transparency and interpretability posed by an opaque algorithm becomes a rising concern. If fed with biased datasets or flawed algorithms, AI-powered systems may lead to unjust outcomes, exacerbating issues related to race, gender, and socio-economic status. Moreover, since the responses of the AI are based upon its analysis of the data, the outcome and the reasons behind it can neither be predicted nor interpreted even by the developers. This is called the “black box paradox”, symbolizing that such outcomes can only be drawn and not speculated; resembling drawing something out of a black box. These circumstances pose doubt as to the determination of liability for the consequences of the said outcomes, resolving which serves as a vital challenge faced regarding the integration of AI today.

DETERMINATION OF LIABILITY

In December 1981, the first incident of death of a person by an industrial robot occurred in Japan where a worker named Kenji Urada, age 37, entered the prohibited area around the robot to repair it, accidentally switching the robot on, which then detecting Kenji as a threat, pushed him against the machine meant to cuts gears, with its powerful hydraulic arm, immediately resulting in his death. The incident raised concerns related to the threat posed by such AI technology, as well as concerns related to the lack of the legal framework for the determination of criminal liabilities in such cases, which still remains an unresolved issue even decades after such a brutal occurrence.

Resolving the question of whether legal personhood should be granted to the AI or not plays an important role in determining its liability, whether civil or criminal. The law regards the liability to be able to be inflicted only upon a legal entity. In such a case, where AI is granted the status of a legal person, certain rights and duties will be bestowed upon it, hence making it liable for its own actions. However, in the absence of such a framework, how will the liability be generated? What would be the liability of an AI-powered tool like Alexa or Siri if it defames someone or abets you to commit a crime? What would be the liability of a self-driving car if it malfunctions and crashes? What would be the liability of the AI-controlled robots which committed crimes during their functioning? Gabriel Hallevy, a prominent legal researcher and lawyer attempted to answer such questions by postulating a notable scheme based upon a three-fold model to analyze the offenses committed by AI: The Perpetration-by-Another Liability Model, the Natural Probable Consequence Liability Model, and the Direct Liability Model.

THE PERPETRATION-BY-ANOTHER LIABILITY MODEL

This model follows the pattern of innocence. As we know, the presence of a mens rea or guilty mind is very necessary for an act to be treated as a crime. That is why any crime committed by a minor, or by a person of unsound mind is not treated as a crime. However, if they are induced by some other person to commit the crime, such other person who perpetrated them can be held liable for such crime. Similarly, since the AI cannot develop the guilty mind to commit the crime, but instead works on the commands of the people or based on the algorithm formed up by the data fed into it by the developers, then in case of any crime committed by such AI, such person on whose command the AI was carrying out the actions, or the developers who incorporated such data into it may be held liable.

In other cases, however, the principle of strict liability can be applied. According to such principle, regardless of whether the damage could be foreseen or not, the programmer shall be held liable for the actions of the AI because it was his duty to contain any harm that could be caused by the AI-powered system he developed.

THE NATURAL PROBABLE CONSEQUENCE LIABILITY MODEL

This model follows the notion that AI simply follows the directions in its programming and hence cannot be made liable for its own actions. As per this model, if the damage could be foreseen by the programmer in reasonable circumstances, yet he did not try to prevent or mitigate it, then the programmer is held liable for the damage caused by the AI in such cases. Hence, the duty to take due care and caution to avoid risk is imposed on the programmer through this model. However, if the AI acts on its own due to the occurrence of a variable or any deviation in the programming, then in such cases the liability would not lie on the programmer or the person on whose command the AI was functioning. For instance, in the case where during a telerobotic surgery performed by a doctor based in Ahmedabad on a patient 32 kilometers away, the robot started acting on its own in a direction not prescribed by its program, then such robot will be held liable for its actions, and not the programmer or the doctor. The code, however, is criticized on the basis that it overlooks the ability of AI to learn and apply its learning in real-life scenarios, making the programmer liable even in cases where the AI is being used by someone else and acts in consequence of the learning from such an environment.

THE DIRECT LIABILITY OF AI

This model suggests that in cases where the AI acts on its own due to learning from its surroundings and performs an act that is not supported by its program, then in such case, the creator or the programmer cannot be made liable. For instance, where a self-driving car meets with an accident due to over-speeding, which was clearly not supported by its system, then in such a case, holding the programmer liable for such acts would be unjust. Rather, the AI should be held liable for such actions. However, this concept leads to the criticism that the AI cannot be punished, as punishment theory is based upon pain and pleasure, the absence of which in the AI signifies that it cannot actually be punished.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The legal sector faces serious ethical difficulties as a result of AI. For example, certain legal duties necessitate a degree of judgment and judgment that AI would find challenging to match. This calls into question the proper application of AI in the legal sector and the necessity of developing moral standards for its application. The potential for AI to destroy civil liberties and privacy is one of the biggest ethical challenges it poses. For instance, the enforcement already uses facial recognition technology to identify suspects. However, as has been shown in science fiction films, there are worries that this technology may be used to surveil people without their knowledge or agreement.  Hence, the rapid integration of AI into the legal field raises ethical and regulatory challenges. To ensure the ethical use of AI while promoting innovation, developing comprehensive guidelines and regulations, and ensuring that these guidelines are enforced through regulation and oversight, is crucial. The legal profession must navigate issues related to data privacy, informed consent, accountability, and transparency to maintain public trust and uphold the rule of law.

THE CHALLENGE OF DATA SECURITY

AI also poses challenges to data security in the legal industry. As AI algorithms become more sophisticated, they can analyze vast amounts of data, including sensitive client information. Because AI algorithms could be subject to hacking or other types of cyberattacks, this raises new security concerns. For instance, in 2019 a ransomware attack on a legal practice led to the theft of private customer data, including bank account details and social security numbers. Similar to this, a cyber-security company found a flaw in an AI-powered legal platform in 2020 that gave hackers access to private client information.
It is crucial to make sure that AI systems used in the legal sector are put through thorough security testing and are routinely upgraded to handle new threats as they arise in order to address these data security issues. Legal practitioners also need to be taught to identify possible security risks, take appropriate action, and put best practices for client data protection into practice.

THREAT TO THE LEGAL PROFESSION

The advent of AI in the legal profession presents a profound shift in how legal services are delivered, but it also poses significant threats, particularly concerning job displacement and its impact on human decision-making. As AI continues to integrate into various facets of legal practice, it brings with it an efficiency and capability that can render many traditional roles redundant. Tasks such as document review, contract analysis, legal research, and e-discovery, which were once the domain of paralegals and junior lawyers, are now increasingly handled by sophisticated AI systems. These systems can perform these tasks faster, more accurately, and at a lower cost, which could lead to a reduction in the demand for human labor in these areas. This shift threatens to displace a significant portion of the legal workforce, particularly those in entry-level positions and disrupts the traditional career path for new lawyers who rely on these roles as stepping stones to gain experience and expertise.

Moreover, the impact of AI on human decision-making within the legal profession is a critical concern. AI systems designed for predictive analytics and decision support are becoming more prevalent, providing data-driven insights that can significantly influence legal outcomes. While these systems offer the promise of more objective and consistent decisions, they also risk undermining the nuanced judgment that human legal professionals bring to their work. The reliance on AI-generated recommendations may lead judges and lawyers to overly depend on these tools, potentially diminishing their own critical thinking and discretion. This dependency can create a scenario where legal decisions are driven more by algorithmic outputs than by the considered judgment of experienced practitioners, raising questions about the fairness and accountability of such decisions.

In such a situation, ensuring that AI systems are transparent and their decision-making processes are understandable to human users is crucial to maintaining the integrity of the legal profession. The legal community must navigate these changes by developing ethical frameworks and regulatory measures that balance the benefits of AI with the need to preserve human judgment and ensure justice. By addressing these threats proactively, the legal profession can harness the advantages of AI while mitigating its risks, ensuring that the adoption of this technology serves to enhance rather than undermine the principles of justice and fairness.

AI AND CREATION OF OPPORTUNITIES IN LAW

As stated by Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, “Technology is relevant in so far as it fosters efficiency, transparency, and objectivity in public government. AI is present to provide a facilitative tool to judges in order to recheck or evaluate the work, the process, and the judgments.”

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various sectors, and the legal field is no exception. The integration of AI in law offers a plethora of opportunities, revolutionizing traditional practices and enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility. With the help of the machine learning algorithm input provided to it, AI works on numerous algorithms capable of speeding up document verification and processing activity. Various AI-powered tools have been integrated into legal scenarios to tranquilize the workload in the legal field. AI Software is immensely being used in the legal field as LawGeex is used as a contract review and analysis tool, CaseText is another legal research tool helping with case law research and analysis, Lex Machina is used for litigation strategy, and PatentPal automates mechanical writing and drafting in patent applications. Through due diligence, prognostication technology, legal and documenting mechanisms, formulation of an intellectual possession database, and generation of electronic receipts, the use of AI has eased the workload, as well as created ample opportunities.

ENHANCING LEGAL RESEARCH

One of the most significant opportunities AI presents in law is the enhancement of legal research. Traditional legal research is a time-consuming process, requiring lawyers to sift through vast amounts of case law, statutes, and legal literature. AI-powered tools like ROSS Intelligence, an AI legal research assistant, use natural language processing to provide precise and relevant legal information quickly. In India, platforms such as Manupatra and SCC Online are leveraging AI to streamline research processes, offering advanced search capabilities and comprehensive legal databases.

IMPROVING CONTRACT ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT

AI is also transforming contract analysis and management. AI-driven tools can review and analyze contracts much faster than human lawyers, identifying key clauses, potential risks, and compliance issues. This automation not only saves time but also reduces the likelihood of errors. Tools like Kira Systems and Luminance are widely used for contract review and due diligence, enabling lawyers to focus on more complex and strategic tasks.

DOCUMENT AUTOMATION

Document automation is another area where AI is making a significant impact. AI-powered software can generate legal documents, such as wills, contracts, and pleadings, based on predefined templates and data inputs. This reduces the time and effort required for drafting documents and ensures consistency and accuracy. For instance, in India, AI-based platforms are being developed to automate the generation of standard legal documents, making legal services more accessible to the public.

PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

Predictive analytics, powered by AI, is revolutionizing decision-making in law. By analyzing historical data and identifying patterns, AI can predict the likely outcomes of legal cases. This capability assists lawyers in developing effective strategies and advising clients more accurately. In India, AI tools like Premonition are being explored to predict the success rates of litigation strategies, helping law firms make data-driven decisions.

ENHANCING JUDICIAL PROCESSES

AI is also being integrated into judicial processes to enhance efficiency and accuracy. In India, the Supreme Court has introduced AI-powered tools like the Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court Efficiency (SUPACE), which aids judges by providing relevant case, information and analysis. Additionally, the Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software (SUVAS) is used to translate legal documents into regional languages, improving accessibility and understanding.

OPPORTUNITIES IN DISPUTE RESOLUTION

AI is opening new avenues in dispute resolution. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) platforms use AI to facilitate negotiations and settlements between parties. AI can analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each party’s case and suggest fair settlements. This technology is particularly beneficial in India, where the backlog of cases in courts is a significant issue. AI-driven ODR platforms can help reduce the burden on courts and provide quicker resolutions to disputes.

Hence, Artificial Intelligence is creating unprecedented opportunities in the legal field, transforming traditional practices and enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility. From improving legal research and contract analysis to automating documents and predicting legal outcomes, AI is revolutionizing the practice of law. In India, the integration of AI in legal processes is steadily progressing, with significant advancements in both legal practice and the judiciary. As AI continues to evolve, it is essential to address the ethical and regulatory challenges it presents to ensure that its benefits are harnessed responsibly and equitably. By doing so, the legal profession can fully embrace the opportunities presented by AI, ensuring a more efficient, accessible, and just legal system for the future.

FUTURE OF THE LEGAL FIELD SHAPED BY AI

The future of the legal field, shaped by Artificial Intelligence (AI), is set to revolutionize traditional practices through the introduction of advanced technologies and new legal frameworks. Globally, the integration of AI into legal processes is transforming how legal research, document review, and case management are conducted, making these processes more efficient and accurate. For instance, the introduction of the Smart Courts system in China, and the enhanced utilization of AI-powered tools such as Law Bot Pro by the general public to resolve their simple legal queries, hints at the world transforming as the impact of AI deepens. AI has the potential to democratize access to legal services, bridge the gap between legal expertise and the general public with even the laymen getting information and knowledge regarding basic legal knowledge saving the hassle of consulting an advocate for trivial legal issues, and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of legal processes through a reduction in time consumption and paperwork.

The central objective of AI is to provide the common people with greater access to justice in the long run. New laws and regulations are being framed to govern the ethical use of AI, ensuring that it operates transparently and without bias. For instance, the European Union, in March 2024, approved the Artificial Intelligence Act seeking to regulate AI applications, emphasizing risk management and accountability to prevent discriminatory practices. This regulatory approach aims to balance innovation with the protection of fundamental rights, democracy, the rule of law, and environmental sustainability from high-risk AI, ensuring that AI’s deployment in the legal sector upholds justice and fairness. In June 2024, Colorado framed the first-in-the-nation law for AI, having comprehensive regulations on the use of AI systems in companies’ decision-making, requiring the companies to inform people when an AI system is being used, and if someone is of the opinion that the technology has treated them unfairly, the new law allows them to correct some of the input data or file a complaint.

The future of the legal field, influenced by AI, holds the promise of increased efficiency, accessibility, and precision. Navigating this future will demand thoughtful engagement with the ethical, practical, and professional challenges that accompany the rise of AI in law. As the legal community adapts to these technological advancements, it must remain vigilant in addressing the challenges posed by AI, ensuring that its implementation serves the greater good and upholds the integrity of the legal system.

INTEGRATION OF AI IN THE INDIAN LEGAL SCENARIO

“There is a need to come up with technology-agnostic legal frameworks that can be more futuristic and withstand the test of time. The law always trails behind technology and now with quantum advancement in technology with AI, it is imperative that the legal frameworks must be in consonance with the emerging legal and governance requirements. There is a need for a change in the mindset. GPT-4o is just a step in the evolution of technology, which is not going to stop with the passage of time. Therefore, it is necessary for all stakeholders to be prepared for the challenges it poses and deal specifically with legal policies and regulatory issues in a holistic manner”, said the Secretary to the Department of Legal Affairs, Law and Justice Ministry, Dr. Rajiv Mani, while addressing the gathering at the ‘National Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Governance and Legalities’ in May 2024.

In the Indian legal scenario, the adoption of AI is progressing steadily, with significant advancements in both legal practice and the judiciary. Indian law firms and legal professionals are increasingly utilizing AI tools for various tasks, including legal research, contract analysis, and document automation. AI-driven platforms such as Manupatra and SCC Online are enhancing research capabilities by providing precise and comprehensive legal information quickly. Cyril Amarchand and Mangaldas, one of the top law firms in the country, has embraced AI and enthusiastically adopted it by becoming the first law practice in India to license “Kira”, a machine learning program developed by Kira Systems in Canada. The judiciary is also exploring AI applications to improve efficiency and decision-making. The Supreme Court of India has initiated the use of AI-powered tools like the Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court Efficiency (SUPACE), which aids judges by providing relevant case information and analysis. Additionally, the Supreme Court Vidhik Anuvaad Software (SUVAS) is employed to translate legal documents into regional languages, making legal information more accessible.

The Indian government is actively formulating policies to support AI integration in various sectors, including law. The National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, developed by NITI Aayog, outlines the roadmap for AI adoption and highlights the need for a regulatory framework that addresses ethical and security concerns. In the recent judgment of K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, the apex court emphasized the need for a comprehensive legal framework for data protection, which shall be competent to govern emerging issues such as the use of AI in India. While specific laws exclusively governing AI in the legal field are still in development, the broader regulatory landscape is evolving to ensure that AI technologies are deployed responsibly and effectively. As AI continues to permeate the Indian legal system, ongoing efforts to refine and implement these regulations will be crucial in harnessing AI’s potential while safeguarding the principles of justice and equity.

CONCLUSION

The age of Artificial Intelligence presents both significant challenges and remarkable opportunities for the legal field. AI’s ability to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility in legal processes holds tremendous potential to transform the practice of law. From automating routine tasks and conducting advanced legal research to aiding judicial decision-making and improving case management, AI stands to revolutionize the legal landscape. However, this transformation comes with its set of challenges, including concerns over data privacy, bias in decision-making algorithms, and the displacement of legal jobs. The ethical and regulatory frameworks governing AI must be robust and continuously evolving to address these issues effectively.

AI can be a dynamic tool for resolving a variety of issues and creating a better future. However, if not used responsibly and ethically, it could lead to disastrous outcomes. Hence, it is evident that AI in the legal field serves both as a bane and a boon. As a boon, AI offers unparalleled advancements in efficiency, precision, and the democratization of legal information. It has the potential to make legal services more affordable and accessible, thereby enhancing justice delivery. On the other hand, as a bane, the risks associated with AI, such as perpetuating biases, compromising data privacy, and diminishing the role of human judgment, cannot be ignored. The key lies in striking a balance where the benefits of AI are harnessed while mitigating its risks through thoughtful regulation, ethical vigilance, and continuous adaptation. By navigating these challenges wisely, the legal field can fully embrace the opportunities presented by AI, ensuring that it serves as a powerful tool for the betterment of society.