International Law

When Does Soft Law Become Hard Law? The Normative Influence of Non-Binding International Instruments in the Development of Customary International Law

Leave a Comment / Legal Articles /

Published On: October 15, 2026 Authored By: Priscille Mabwa Mbongo   Abstract The growing use of non-binding international instruments has raised an enduring question in international law: when, if ever, does soft law acquire the normative force of hard law? This article examines the role of United Nations General Assembly resolutions, declarations, guidelines and other […]

When Does Soft Law Become Hard Law? The Normative Influence of Non-Binding International Instruments in the Development of Customary International Law Read More »

The Protection Gap: Non-Refoulement in the Climate Era

Leave a Comment / Legal Articles /

Published On: 7th October 2026 Authored By: Ola Abdelwahab Ain Shams University Abstract The cross-border displacement caused by environmental disaster and slow-onset sea-level rise constitutes one of the biggest challenges in legal and human rights terms that the world faces in the twenty-first century[1]. Even as the frequency of climate-induced migration increases, individuals fleeing environmental

The Protection Gap: Non-Refoulement in the Climate Era Read More »

Protected or Postponed? Evaluating the architecture of the UAE’s Social Media Regulation.

Leave a Comment / Legal Articles /

Published On: 14th August 2026 Authored By: Ayesha Salma Yusoof Middlesex University Dubai Introduction For decades, digital protection laws for children have operated through content regulation, which focused on controlling the content that children can see. On 1st January 2026, the Federal Decree-Law No. 26 of 2025 Regarding Child Digital Safety took effect, establishing the

Protected or Postponed? Evaluating the architecture of the UAE’s Social Media Regulation. Read More »

THE ICJ CLIMATE ADVISORY OPINION AND THE EXPANSION OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

Leave a Comment / Legal Articles /

Published On: July 21st 2026 Authored By: Akash Sajith Amity University, Mumbai ABSTRACT This article specifically discusses in detail about the advisory opinion given by the International Court of Justice to understand its implications and effects. It explains how it holds states responsible and the legal consequences a state faces for not abiding by the

THE ICJ CLIMATE ADVISORY OPINION AND THE EXPANSION OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW Read More »

Close-up of a futuristic humanoid robot with a digital face display, representing modern technology.

Artificial Intelligence Accountability and Data Protection in South Africa: Evaluating the Limits of POPIA in Regulating Automated Decision-Making

Leave a Comment / Legal Articles /

Published On: June 19, 2026 Authored By: Malehlohonolo Msibi Regenesys Business School Introduction The proliferation of artificial intelligence systems across public and private sectors has fundamentally altered the relationship between individuals, technology, and the law. In South Africa, as elsewhere, AI-driven tools now influence decisions affecting employment, creditworthiness, access to services, and even criminal justice

Artificial Intelligence Accountability and Data Protection in South Africa: Evaluating the Limits of POPIA in Regulating Automated Decision-Making Read More »

Subscribe
Subscribe
Scroll to Top