the legal quorum

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The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Evaluating Its Impact on Police and Procedural Reforms

Published On: October 7th 2025 AUTHORED BY: GANGARAPU CHETHANA SREE VIT-AP UNIVERSITY Abstract The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, marks a transformative shift in India’s criminal justice system, replacing the colonial Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860. Enacted alongside the Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), effective from July 1, 2024, […]

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Hate Speech vs. Free Speech: A Constitutional and Legal balancing Act

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Pakhi Tandon Christ (Deemed to be University), Pune Lavasa Abstract This paper examines the clash between hate speech restrictions and free speech protections in constitutional democracies, comparatively in India and the United States. Both countries are founded on free speech protections, but the U.S. First Amendment enjoys near-absolute

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Understanding the Blue economy and Ocean governance: Legal Perspectives and Future Challenges

Published On: October 7th 2025 Authored By: Sarah Kazi Rizvi Law College Abstract: The blue economy is a shift towards using ocean resources for economic growth while ensuring ecological sustainability, and ocean governance provides the legal and institutional framework to regulate this use. This article examines the  connection between these two concepts, outlining key International

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Judicial Accountability in India: Balancing Independence with Transparency

Published on: 07th October 2025 Authored by: Anisha Raghav G. D. Goenka University Abstract Judicial accountability in India is the doctrine that provides that judges and judiciary must be accountable for their decisions and conduct; their actions must be thereby just and worthy of the public’s trust. Whereas judicial independence entails that judges must be

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Close-up of a wooden judge's gavel on a black desk, symbolizing justice and law.

Death Penalty in India: Constitutional Validity and Global Trends

Published on: 07th October 2025 Authored by: Anisha Raghav G. D. Goenka University Abstract This article critically assesses the constitutional, judicial, and societal considerations of capital punishment in India, with special reference to Article 21, the development of the “rarest of rare” doctrine, and sentencing discretion. It questions the constitutional validity of the Indian model

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